Presentations in Class
June 17 Monday
Pew report: digital nonprofits optimistic
The article discuss about the Pew Report that informs the public about the issues, trends and attitudes shaping America and the world. It talks about non profit journalism which is also called Think Thank Journalism.
When journalism is practised as a non profit business, it can be termed as non profit journalism.It is normally operated for the goodwill of the people without the concern for making profit. The article talks about the Pew report which looked at 172 news organisations throughout the country. It discuss about the Internal revenue Service(IRS), which is responsible for collecting taxes and interpretation and enforcement of the internal revenue Code. Lets have a look at the relation between IRS and Non profit journalism.
Any individual or team aiming to start a Non Profit Journalism practise must provide various required documents to the IRS.The IRS will identify if the individual or the interested theme have a specific goal which will be aimed to increase the good will of the society or not.
The advantages of Non profit Journalism are given as: Excemption from paying taxes, Can accept donations etc.
For more info please refer to:
http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/pew_report_on_digital_news_non.php
http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/pew_report_on_digital_news_non.php
Fair Game
When it comes to the case of ethical cyber journalism , it is important that the laws must be in place. The article talks about the need for fair journalism. It is quite easy to paraphrase someone`s words or paragraph or photographs and publish it. So the Centre for social media has produced new policies for the Fair journalism, which is the tenth such consensus document. the new principles are seven in number:
•Fair use applies to the incidental and fortuitous capture of copyright material in journalism
•Fair use applies when journalists use copyrighted material as documentation, to validate, prove, support, or document a proposition.
•The use of textual, visual and other quotations of cultural material for purposes of reporting, criticism, commentary, or discussion constitutes fair use.
•Fair use applies to illustration in news reporting.
•Fair use applies to journalistic incorporation of historical material.
•The use of copyrighted material to promote public discussion and analysis can qualify as fair use.
•Fair use can apply to the quotation of earlier journalism.
. These are policies that have been drafted after a lot of debate about what kind of documentation, comments, photographs one can use/borrow/cite ethically within the parameters of creating new content. The new content can be based on many things along with opinions and reviews of existing material on the internet. Policies like these are best implemented and registered as laws to safeguard the interest of the people who invest their time and energy to add value to the vast content database
Social Media in smaller markets
The article on Social media in smaller markets talks about the social media editors. It discusses the social media editing and its features which has changed with time. Lets have a look at what exactly a Social editor means.Social Media Editor handles manually tweeting for his newspaper ,setting up Twitter accounts for reporters who wish to tweet and teaching those that are reluctant to jump, handling all things Facebook, and coordinating all of the blogging that the newspaper intends to do both internally and externally.n The role was created in recognition of the growing importance of social networking and the huge part it played in people’s
lives. Rob Fishman’s who is the social media editor at the Huffington Post announcement that “the social
media editor is dead,” prompted plenty of responses, from Adweek to Zombie Journalism and many social media editors and digital media strategists in between.The article by Sara Morrison in the Columbia Journalism Review talks about the ‘social media editor’. The article talks about Anthony De Rosa, Liz Heron and many other famous persons in the media field who transformed themselves into ‘social media editors’. The announcement made by Rob Fishman that the social media editors are dead shows its flux, that the position may not be existing in the near future. Most of the above mentioned disagreed this announcement and talked about the huge need for social media editors in the field. The writer says that most of the local and small media firms are essentially in need of social media editors for them and gives a high scope of job security and profit. The article also shows the interview with the three social media editors of small outlets named Hartford Courant, St. Paul Pioneer Press and The Topeka Capital Journal. The interview shows that the three of them are highly successful in their jobs and has more than 10000 likes in facebook and more than 20000 followers in twitter which is a huge number when being compared with the circulation of these dailies and being a small firm. These statistics shows how powerful is the post of social media editors.
Internet Privacy
http://www.mathrubhumi.com/
The article talks about the revelation of Edward Snowden, former CIA official, that the USA will now be able to peep into the emails, telephone conversations and social media activity of cyber users has shell-shocked the entire internet fraternity. To many, the chilling prophecy of George Orwell, envisioned in his futuristic novel 1984, where the rulers of a country monitor the thoughts of its citizens, seems to have finally come true.With the US and several other western countries hot on the pursuit of Snowden, many have begun lamenting that the curtains are finally down on Internet anonymity and freedom. But is America the only country to have done so? The answer is a definite no. To find other examples of intrusion into the private affairs of unsuspecting cyber users, one needn’t go any farther than India, where there have been several attempts by government and other vested interests to curtail any expression on the web that showed the slightest hint of criticism against government and corporate policies. Even minor criticisms against political parties were not tolerated, save being ignored. The recent incident involving the arrest of two girls from Mumbai for criticising the proclamation of a strike owing to the death of the Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray is one example.Indeed, reports by major internet players have revealed that the Indian government has requested repeatedly to block several webpages that published content alleged to be against their interests. The most recent example of that was its requesting Google to block around 73 websites that published a piece criticising the IIPM, an institution not recognised by the UGC.While India still claims itself to be a democracy and Article 19 in our constitution offers the right to free speech and expression, what many people are probably not aware of is that there are several limitations upon what is generally called freedom of speech and expression. These limitations, put forward in 1951, included issues pertaining to national security, its relation with other countries, law and order, morality, and a few others, ensuring that no citizen can speak anything that our big guns do not want to see or hear.And yet, the situation in India is not an isolated one. Following the 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai, India moved to broaden its power to intercept communication, with the Central Monitoring System, which is for connecting the country`s telecom and internet networks. In 2012 the Central ministry has ordered interception of about 1300 mail ids and phones. The government is authorised to intercept the messages according to the section 5 (2) of the Indian Telegraph act of 1885 for the public safety. For curtailing the individual freedom, the technologies like p2p is now available for hacking the chat messages and other personal data.The Arab world, taken by surprise at the recent revolutions in their countries, which owed a great deal to the power of the internet, have come down even harder on the freedom the cyber world offers. Even the western world, post WikiLeaks, are coming up with infrastructure for monitoring internet activity. Finally John Perry’s 1996 proclamation that the Internet would finally prove to be the haven for speaking your mind has become a rather short lived one.But then, that has always been the story of individual expression and freedom of speech. It has always fought a fierce battle against ruling powers. History is rife with stories of men and women being executed mercilessly for the sole reason that they spoke their mind, which was considered against political, racial or religious interests. Today, you could add another candidate whose existence is dependent on the curtailing of free speech- the corporates.It was perhaps the invention of the printing press that made possible the dissemination of valuable information to the masses. Knowledge, once considered to be the preserve of the elite, seemed to have been finally democratised. The subsequent discoveries of radio, the cinema and television only escalated the accessibility to information. All the while, efforts to monitor the sort of information spread through these media were already in full swing.In the history of internet, the development of IP and transmission control protocol during the 1970`s was one of the milestones in the world of internet. In 1990s with the development of HTTP, the web browsing through PC was made possible. By 2001, the patriatic act of USA made it possible for the government to intercept the personal individual freedom of people. Following this, many countries revised their cyber laws to avoid the misuse of internet, In India in 2008, the parliament passed the revised cyber law.So the recent spate of news regarding Edward Snowden and his shocking revelations about
the plans of the USA is perhaps the latest in a series of challenges free speech has had to fight against. But this time, it is not only free speech but the very privacy of an individual that is at stake here. So who knows what developments lie ahead?
For more reference:http://www.mathrubhumi.com/
Cyber War
The article talks about cyber war,Cyber war is a form of war which takes places on computers and the Internet, through electronic means rather than physical ones. Cyber-warfare, as it is also known, is a growing force in the international community, and many nations regularly run cyberwar drills and games so that they are prepared for genuine attacks from their enemies. With an increasing global reliance on technology for everything from managing national electrical grids to ordering supplies for troops, cyberwar is a method of attack which many nations are vulnerable to.Cyber war is, doing some smash and spy activities by flouting in to the enemies computer net work. The depth of this cyber attack is higher than a direct war as the computer system is well equipped to manage the nuclear weapons and the railway system too. Recently through the spy work China had exploited the secretly kept armed safety related documents from India.It is said that our government systems are not so much upgraded to defend such type of cyber penetration. The number of cyber safety officers under the government system is restricted to merely 556 but at the same time more than One lakh people are doing the same job for china. It is up to One lakh in USA.The Chinese army’s construction of pavilion at Dhepsang near Ladak by breaking the LOC has captured the prime space recently. But the hazardous activities done by these on us were unknown to most people. Before one month they exploited some secret data by getting into the net work of defense ministry, armed offices and up to the prime minister’s computer net work. But this has not at all obtained any special attention. We don't need many examples to show our laziness to consider the cyber space as a new war zone. The Defence Minister AK. Antony has ordered an enquiry in to the cyber-attack, was the last word we got from the central government. The question of cyberspace section need to have a boundary like Naval, army and air
will be answered by cyber spy action in the march first week itself. The Defense Research Development Organisation (DRDO). The Chinese attack over the (DRDO) Defense Research Development Organisation, which
stand for the technological advancement of army, was a great victory for them. They snatched the important documents containing reports about the newly developed air missile and the radar programmers by the DRDO, cabinet safety councils documents, the pact made with the missile production agency, Bharath Dynamix and the financial dealings arranged with the French missile agency,MBDA. But these reports were completely being rejected by the Indian government. The penetration and pressures mounted on us by china when India became globally a challengeable country. The main aim is to leak the highly secured information held by India.With the computerization of administrative and armed forces it is possible to break the security. The penetrators could ruin the financial condition and the banking systems by entering in to the systems. In a recent attack against oil company named Saudi Aram Koya suffered a loss of 30000 computers. During the war against Gadhafi, President Barak Obama had announced a cyber-attack against the defence systems at Libya. In Cyber war no blood shed is taking place. One can implement his own agenda without leaving hint of spy activity. India became the third country in the world to face cyber-attacks. If in 2009 the cyber-attack was 9180 and it had
increased to 16126 by the next year. In 2011 it was 14232.Hi-tech spy work DRDL was the main aim of the attack held in March. DRDO is a centre for the development of technical advancement of new computer operating system in an aim to safeguard the defence and administrative section. The Chinese attack on the DRDO is needed based on the above links.Another penetration showcased by the Chinese, gauged the army positioning of ITBP and the conversation tape between home ministry and army. The invaders penetrated in to the Foreign affairs ministry, homeministry, DRDO, ITBP and national informatics centre and other institutions.Since 2004 onwards Chinese attacks on other countries including India is purely based on the spy work named Advanced Persistent Thread (APT). APT is a theft of digital documents by sending controlled programmers via email or pen drives.The attack held in the march was using a high profiled official in the DRDO. At first he entered in his email account and spread a file named polysietha. Which consist of programme files that could connect with China. The programme hacked and fetched all the secret information of those who opened the file. Later the file started to send information based on the instruction avail from china.Later the investigation of national technical research organization and the private cyber safety employee has unwinded the spy activities. The documents have been identified from a server at Guang Dong in china. It is shocking that the server consisted the secret files of US home ministry , NASA, South korea, and Russia. The server worth of rs 150 crore.In 2010 a word file named ‘national security doctrine’ was send to the emails of 22 security official. In 2009 December ‘ save ganga campaign’ reached in the emails of 400 security officials. The investigation held on that day could identify the source of the mail i.e. the western China.What India has done so far when china was doing the same for years? As of now they did not consider it as a serious note.War weapons basically data carriage tools like pen drive, internet etc are being used to penetrate the secret files by sending some heavy weighted virus in to it. Malwares are the main weapon used for that. Which enable them to transfer the relevant data.Trojan is always working as a back door for the hackers to build a connection with our computer. Like ways ‘key log’ help to gauge the number keys presses in the computer.
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